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Verneinung (nicht & kein)
German has two main negation words: 'nicht' (not) and 'kein' (no/not a). Choosing between them depends on what you're negating. Understanding this is essential for correct German!
TWO ways to negate:
1. nicht = not (negates verbs, adjectives, adverbs, definite articles) - Ich komme nicht. (I'm not coming.) - Das ist nicht gut. (That's not good.)
2. kein = no, not a/an (negates nouns with indefinite articles or no article) - Ich habe kein Auto. (I don't have a car.) - replaces 'ein' - Ich habe keine Zeit. (I have no time.) - replaces no article
Rule: Use 'kein' if you would use 'ein' (a/an) in the positive. Otherwise use 'nicht'.
Verbs, adjectives, definite articles (der/die/das)
Examples:
Nouns with indefinite articles (ein/eine) or no article
Examples:
kein changes for gender and case, just like ein
Examples:
Usually at the end, but before: adjectives, prepositions, separable verb parts
Examples:
π©πͺ Ich habe keine Geschwister.
π¬π§ I don't have any siblings.
π‘ kein because you'd say 'Ich habe Geschwister' (no article)
Context: Negating noun without article
π©πͺ Er ist nicht zu Hause.
π¬π§ He is not at home.
π‘ nicht before prepositional phrase
Context: Negating location
π©πͺ Das ist kein Problem.
π¬π§ That's not a problem.
π‘ kein because you'd say 'Das ist ein Problem'
Context: Negating indefinite article
π©πͺ Ich kenne den Lehrer nicht.
π¬π§ I don't know the teacher.
π‘ nicht because 'den Lehrer' has definite article
Context: Negating verb with definite object
If the positive sentence has 'ein', use 'kein' in negative. Otherwise use 'nicht'!
When in doubt, put 'nicht' at the end of the sentence (but before adjectives/prepositions).
Using 'nicht' when 'kein' is correct
Don't say 'Ich habe nicht ein Auto'. Say 'Ich habe kein Auto'.
Using 'kein' with definite articles
Don't say 'Ich kenne kein den Mann'. Say 'Ich kenne den Mann nicht'.
Ich habe keine Zeit.
I have no time.
π 'Zeit' has no article β use keine (feminine)
Das ist nicht richtig.
That's not correct.
π Negating adjective β use nicht