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Präpositionen mit Akkusativ
Some German prepositions always require the accusative case. The 5 main ones are: durch, für, gegen, ohne, um. There's a memory trick: 'FU DGO' or 'durch FÜR ohne um GEGEN'.
The 5 accusative prepositions:
1. durch - through 2. für - for 3. gegen - against 4. ohne - without 5. um - around, at (time)
After these prepositions, the noun takes accusative case!
für den Mann (for the man) - 'der' becomes 'den' in accusative ohne einen Hund (without a dog) - 'ein' becomes 'einen'
Movement through something
Examples:
For someone or something, purpose
Examples:
Against something, opposition, or approximate time
Examples:
Without something or someone
Examples:
Around something, or specific time
Examples:
🇩🇪 Ich gehe durch den Park.
🇬🇧 I walk through the park.
💡 'der Park' → 'den Park' (accusative)
Context: durch + accusative
🇩🇪 Das ist für meinen Bruder.
🇬🇧 This is for my brother.
💡 'mein Bruder' → 'meinen Bruder' (accusative)
Context: für + accusative
🇩🇪 Ich komme um 7 Uhr.
🇬🇧 I come at 7 o'clock.
💡 um = at (for specific times)
Context: Time expression
Für, Um, Durch, Gegen, Ohne - all these take accusative!
für der Mann ❌ → für den Mann ✅
Using nominative instead of accusative
Don't say 'für der Mann'. Say 'für den Mann' (accusative!).
Confusing 'um' meanings
'um 8 Uhr' = at 8 o'clock (time). 'um das Haus' = around the house (location).
Ich kaufe ein Geschenk für meinen Vater.
I buy a gift for my father.
📚 für + meinen Vater (accusative)
Er geht ohne seinen Hund spazieren.
He goes for a walk without his dog.
📚 ohne + seinen Hund (accusative)